ISikhokelo soBaby Pee esipheleleyo kwiMibuzo eqhelekileyo

Njengomenzi wediaper yomntwana oyingcali, siyiqonda nzulu ingqalelo yabazali kuzo zonke iinkcukacha zokukhula komntwana, kwaye ukuchama komntwana sesinye sezalathi ezingundoqo ezibonisa impilo yomntwana. Ukuchama komntwana yinto ebalulekileyo yefiziyoloji ngexesha lokukhula komntwana kwaye ihlala ingumngeni wokhathalelo oluzingisileyo kwiintsapho ezisanda kuzalwa. Eli nqaku lidibanisa uphando lwezenzululwazi kunye namava eklinikhi ukulungisa ngokucwangcisiweyo imibuzo engundoqo malunga nokuchama komntwana. Siphinde sabelane ngeengcebiso zokukhetha i-diapers yabantwana ehambelana neemeko ezahlukeneyo, ukubonelela abazali ngesikhokelo esibanzi sokunyamekela. Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luya kuba luncedo.

Ngaba Iintsana Zichama Esibelekweni?

Abazali abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba abantwana bayachama xa besesibelekweni. Impendulo ngu-ewe-ukuchama kwe-fetal kwi-uterus yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-amniotic fluid circulation kunye nesalathisi esibalulekileyo sophuhliso lwenkqubo yomchamo. Le nkqubo ayiqhelekanga nje kuphela kodwa ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukukhula okusempilweni komntwana ongekazalwa. Njengomenzi wediaper yomntwana osebenza ngokukhethekileyo kukhathalelo lweentsana, siyayiphucula ingqiqo yethu yoyilo lwediaper ngophando kuphuhliso lwempilo yomntwana.

Ukususela kumbono wexesha lophuhliso, iintso ze-fetus ziqala ukwenza ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa. Malunga neeveki ezili-10-12 zokumitha, izintso zinokuvelisa umchamo womntwana omncinci. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli nqanaba, umchamo uphinda ufakwe ngumzimba we-fetus kwaye awungeni kwi-amniotic fluid. Njengoko ukukhulelwa kuqhubela phambili kwi-trimester yesibini (malunga neeveki ezingama-20), inkqubo yomchamo yomntwana ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe. Umchamo oveliswa zizintso emva koko uthuthwa nge-ureters ukuya kwi-amniotic cavity, ibe ngomnye wemithombo ephambili ye-amniotic fluid. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ngokukhulelwa kade, umntwana uvelisa malunga ne-500-700 milliliters yomchamo yonke imihla. Lo mchamo ngokuqhubekayo uzalisa i-amniotic fluid. Ngaxeshanye, i-fetus iginya i-amniotic fluid, ifunxa amanzi kunye nezondlo zayo, idala umjikelo we-amniotic fluid 'wokuginya-ukuchama kwakhona.'

Umchamo we-fetal uhluke ngokubunjwa ukusuka emva kokuzalwa. Inxalenye yayo ephambili ngamanzi, aqulethe inkunkuma encinci ye-metabolic, engenavumba elibonakalayo, kwaye ayinabungozi kumntwana ongekazalwa. Ngalo mjikelo, i-amniotic fluid ibonelela ngokhuseleko losana olungekazalwa ngelixa lukhuthaza ukukhula kwemiphunga kunye nenkqubo yokwetyisa. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukungaqhelekanga kumthamo we-amniotic fluid okanye ukubunjwa kungabonisa imiba yophuhliso kwinkqubo yomchamo wengane okanye ezinye izitho. Ke ngoko, ukubeka iliso kwisalathiso se-amniotic fluid ngexesha lokuhlolwa rhoqo kwangaphambi kokubeleka kubalulekile.

Kubavelisi be-diaper yomntwana, ukuqonda iimpawu zokuphuhliswa komchamo womntwana kusinceda ukuba siqulunqe ngcono i-diapers yosana olusanda kuzalwa. Emva kokuzalwa, izintso zomntwana azikakhuli ngokupheleleyo. Bachama rhoqo, ngamanani amancinci, kwaye ngokungaqhelekanga. Amanabukeni ethu osana asandul' ukuzalwa abonisa intlaka ephezulu yokufunxa (SAP) kunye nomaleko wangaphandle othambileyo, ophefumlayo ukufunxa ngokukhawuleza ukuchama rhoqo, ukunciphisa ukucaphuka kulusu olubuthathaka. Ukongeza, ubungakanani obusandul' ukuzalwa bubandakanya uyilo lokusikwa kwentambo ye-umbilical ehambelana negophe lomzimba wosana olusanda kuzalwa.

Uyenza njani iPee yomntwana? Iindlela zobuNzululwazi kunye neemeko zokuTyala uBaby Pee

Ngexesha lokukhula komntwana, abazali bahlala bedibana neemeko ezifuna ukufakwa komchamo, njengokuqokelela iisampulu kwiimviwo zonyango okanye ukupheliswa kwesikhokelo ngexesha loqeqesho lwangaphambili. Ukunyanzeliswa koxinzelelo okanye ukutshintsha kwediaper rhoqo kunokwenzakalisa isinyi nomqolo womntwana. Ukuzoba kumava okonga ekliniki, siqulunqe iindlela ezikhuselekileyo nezisebenzayo zokungeniswa ngelixa sikhumbuza abazali ukuba basebenzise iidiapers ezifanelekileyo zomntwana ukuxhasa uqeqesho.

Okokuqala, i-pee induction yesiqhelo kufuneka ilandele isingqisho sendalo somntwana, sisebenzise ixesha elide lokuchama emva kokutya okanye ukuvuka ebuthongweni. Kwiintsana ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6, isinyi sizalisa kancinci kancinci kwimizuzu eyi-15-30 emva kokuncancisa okanye ubisi olungumgubo. Ngeli xesha, phakamisa ngobumnene umntwana, uvumele imilenze yabo ukuba ixhomeke ngokwemvelo. Sebenzisa into efudumeleyo, emanzi yokosula umntwana ukuze wosule ngobunono indawo yeperine okanye uphulule amazantsi esisu. Oku kunika uvuselelo oluthambileyo lokuqhawula isinyi, lubangela ukuchama. Le ndlela inqanda uxinzelelo olunamandla, ihambelana ne-reflexes ye-physiological yomntwana, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezilula zomntwana kuthintela ukulimala kwesikhumba.

Ukukhupha ngokukhawuleza isampulu yomchamo kusana (umzekelo, kuvavanyo lwezonyango), i indlela yokuvuselela isinyi . kunokusetyenziswa Le ndlela yokuqinisekiswa kweklinikhi ikhuselekile kwaye iyasebenza kwiintsana ezinobunzima obungaphezu kwe-1200 grams ezingadingi inkxaso yokuphefumula. Inkqubo yile ilandelayo: Okokuqala, yondla usana umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wobisi lwebele okanye ubisi olungumgubo. Emva kwemizuzu engama-25, coca indawo yelungu langasese ngezinto zosula zabantwana. Umntu omnye ubambe usana phantsi kwamakhwapha imilenze ijinga. Enye ibetha ngobunono indawo ye-suprapubic (amazantsi esisu kufutshane nethambo le-pubic) ngeminwe malunga neempompo ezili-100 ngomzuzu imizuzwana engama-30. Emva koko, sebenzisa izithupha zozibini ukuphulula ngobunono indawo esecaleni kwe-lumbar spine kumqolo ongezantsi kangangemizuzwana engama-30. Phinda lo mjikelo ukuya kutsho kwimizuzu emi-5, nto leyo ebangela ukuchama. Qaphela: Sebenzisa uxinzelelo oluthambileyo kulo lonke ukuphepha ukuvuselela umntwana.

Uqeqesho lwendlu yangasese (iminyaka eyi-1+), ukufakwa kwepee yomntwana kufuna isikhokelo sokuziphatha kunye nokulungelelaniswa kokusingqongileyo. Kweli nqanaba, i-reflexes ene-conditioned ikhula. Abazali bafanele bajonge izinto ezibonakalayo (ezifana nokugwada, ukufinga iintshiya, okanye ukuxambulisana) baze bakhawuleze bamkhokele umntwana ukuba asebenzise imbiza yosana. Sincoma ukudibanisa oku kunye neebhulukhwe zethu zokutsala umntwana-eyenzelwe ukuba kube lula / ukuvala-ukuvumela abantwana ukuba bazame ngokuzimeleyo ukusebenzisa i-potty kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwe-diaper. Abazali banokumisela imikhwa rhoqo yokuchama ngokusebenzisa izikhumbuzo ezicwangcisiweyo. I I-American Academy of Pediatrics incoma ukuqalisa uqeqesho lwamanzi phakathi kweenyanga ze-18-24 xa umntwana ebonisa umdla, esebenzisa isikhokelo sesigulane kunokunyanzeliswa, kunye namazinga okuphumelela angaphezu kwama-80%.

Abazali bafanele baqaphele ukuba indlela yokuchama yomntwana ngamnye iyahluka. Kwiintsana ezisanda kuzalwa, i-4-10 ye-diapers emanzi yonke imihla iyinto eqhelekileyo-akukho mfuneko yokunyanzelisa inani elithile. Ukuba umntwana wakho uyachasa ngexesha lokuchama, yima kwangoko ukunqanda ukudala ukuzonda ngokwasengqondweni. Ukongeza, ukutshintsha i-diapers ngokukhawuleza okanye ukutsalwa ukugcina umzantsi womile kunceda ukuthintela ukungakhululeki okunokukhokelela ekwaleni ukuchama.

Kutheni Ichama Lomntwana Wam Linuka?Iizizathu kunye nezisombululo

Ivumba lokuchama komntwana lisebenza 'njengesixhobo sokulinganisa' esibonisa impilo yosana lwakho. Umchamo osandul’ ukugqithiswa awunavumba libonakalayo, nangona ukuvezwa emoyeni kunokuvelisa ivumba elithambileyo le-ammonia ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwe-urea. Ukuba umntwana uchama uvelisa ivumba elahlukileyo elihlabayo okanye elingaqhelekanga, abazali kufuneka balumkele izinto ezinokuthi zibekho ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwasemzimbeni. Njengomvelisi we-diaper yomntwana, sikwacebisa ukubandakanya iindlela zokunyamekela imihla ngemihla ukunciphisa ivumba kunye nokubona ngokukhawuleza izinto ezingaqhelekanga.

Izinto zePhysiological zingunobangela oqhelekileyo wevumba lomchamo womntwana kwaye ngokubanzi azinyanzelisi inkxalabo egqithisileyo. Unobangela ophambili kukungafumani ulwelo ngokwaneleyo. Xa iintsana zibila kakhulu, zisela amanzi amancinane, okanye zingatyiswanga, umchamo uxinene, okonyusa ukuxinana kwenkunkuma yemetabolism kwaye kuqinise ivumba. Kubantwana abancanciswa ubisi lwebele kuphela, ubisi lwebele lubonelela ngamanzi okwaneleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngeentsuku ezishushu, amanani amancinci amanzi anokunikezelwa phakathi kokutya. Iintsana ezityiswa ubisi olungumgubo okanye ezitya ukutya okuqinileyo zifuna amanzi alungele iminyaka yobudala ukuze ahlaziye umchamo kwaye anciphise ivumba. Imiba yokutya nayo idlala indima: ukutya okugqithisileyo kokutya okuneprotheyini ephezulu (njengenyama kunye namaqanda) kwandisa ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma ye-nitrogen, ukuqinisa ivumba lomchamo. Ukutya ukutya okunencasa enamandla okufana negalikhi okanye itswele kukhupha iikhompawundi ezithile ngomchamo, ukuguqula ivumba layo. Ukulungelelanisa ukutya ukuze kugcinwe ukutya okunesondlo kunye nokunciphisa ukutya okukodwa okuneprotheyini ephezulu kunokunciphisa oku. Ukongezelela, ukugxininiswa komchamo ixesha elide kwi-bladder ngexesha lokulala ebusuku kunokubangela ukuba umchamo wokuqala ekuseni ube nephunga elibonakalayo, into eqhelekileyo.

Izizathu ze-Pathological zevumba elingaqhelekanga lomchamo womntwana zifuna ukhathalelo lwezonyango olukhawulezileyo ukuphepha ukulibazisa unyango. Oyena nobangela uxhaphakileyo lusulelo lomgudu womchamo (UTI). Iintsholongwane eziphindaphindeka kumzila womchamo zinokuvelisa ivumba elinamandla, elirhabaxa emchameni, elihlala likhatshwa ziimpawu ezifana nokuchama rhoqo, ukungxamiseka, ukukhala ngexesha lokuchama, okanye umkhuhlane. Amantombazana ajongene nemingcipheko ephezulu yokusuleleka ngenxa ye-urethras emfutshane kunye nokusondela kwi-anus. Amakhwenkwe anephimosis (ijwabu eligqithisileyo) nawo anokuba sesichengeni. Uvavanyo lwezonyango olukhawulezileyo lubalulekile, kubandakanywa uhlalutyo lokuchama kunye novavanyo lwenkcubeko yomchamo. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kufuneka alawulwe phantsi kweliso likagqirha, ecaleni kokunyuka kokuthatha ulwelo ukugungxula umgudu womchamo ngokuchama rhoqo. Ukongeza, ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism engaqhelekanga (efana ne-phenylketonuria) kunokubangela ukuba umchamo ukhuphe ivumba elifana nelempuku, ecaleni kweempawu ezifana nokulibaziseka kokukhula kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwengqondo. Nangona ingaqhelekanga, ezi meko zifuna ukufunyaniswa kwangethuba ngovavanyo olusandul’ ukuzalwa ukuze kungenelelwe kwangethuba.

Kukhathalelo lwemihla ngemihla, ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-diapers yomntwana kunye nokucima ngokufanelekileyo kunciphisa ivumba lomchamo kunye nobungozi obunxulumene nempilo. Njengomvelisi wediaper yosana, iimveliso zethu zineentambo eziphefumlayo kunye neecores ezifunxayo ezithi zitshixe ngokukhawuleza emchameni, zinciphisa ivumba elibangelwa kukuvezwa komchamo emoyeni. Izinto eziphefumlayo zikwanciphisa ukukhula kwebhaktheriya. Idityaniswe nezinto zosula ezikhethekileyo zomntwana, coca indawo yosana ngexesha lokutshintsha kwediaper. Kumantombazana, zosula ukusuka ngaphambili ukuya ngasemva ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kwelindle kumngxuma womchamo. Kumakhwenkwe, hlambulula indawo yejwabu ukugcina ucoceko lwendawo. Abazali kufuneka batshintshe i-diapers ngokukhawuleza ngokusekelwe kwiminyaka yomntwana kunye nokukhutshwa komchamo. Kwiintsana ezisanda kuzalwa, zitshintshe rhoqo kwiiyure ezi-1-2. Kubantwana abadala, hlengahlengisa ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba lomsebenzi, kodwa ungaze udlule iiyure ze-4 ukukhusela ukucaphuka kwexesha elide kunye nokukhula kwebhaktheriya.

Iingcamango ezingezizo eziQhelekileyo malunga nokuKhathalelwa koBantwana kunye neeNgcebiso zobuGcisa

Xa ujongana nemiba enxulumene nomntwana, abazali bahlala bewela kwiingxaki eziqhelekileyo zokunyamekela ezingachaphazeli nje impilo yomntwana kodwa zinokuba nzima ukunyamekela. Njengomvelisi we-diaper yomntwana ogxininise kakhulu ekunyamekelweni komntwana, sidibanisa ubuchule beemarike zamazwe ngamazwe ukubonelela abazali ngesikhokelo sezesayensi ngelixa sicebisa iidiaper ezifanelekileyo zomntwana kunye neemveliso ezincedisayo zokwandisa amava okunyamekela.

Enye ingcamango ephosakeleyo eqhelekileyo kukuqeqesha ngokugqithiseleyo imbiza okanye ukuqalisa uqeqesho lwendlu yangasese kwangethuba. Abanye abazali bazama ukuqeqeshwa rhoqo ngaphambi kweenyanga ezi-6 ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-diaper. Olu qheliselo lunokwenzakalisa umqolo womntwana kunye namalungu e-hip ngelixa luphazamisa ukuphuhliswa kwe-autonomous urination reflex. I-Chinese Medical Association's Pediatric Surgery Branch incoma ukuqalisa uqeqesho lwe-potty phakathi kweenyanga ezi-6-9 (iinyanga ezili-9 kumakhwenkwe) kunye nokuqalisa uqeqesho olusesikweni lwendlu yangasese emva kweminyaka eyi-1 ubudala, ngaphandle kokuba umntwana unokunxibelelana neemfuno ezisisiseko kwaye ahlale ngokuzimeleyo kwindlu yangasese. Ukunyanzeliswa kwangaphambili kunokubangela ukuchasana, ukulibazisa ukuphuhliswa kwezakhono ezizimeleyo zokuchama kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko wokumanzisa ibhedi . Indlela echanekileyo kukuhlonipha isantya sokukhula komntwana, ubakhokele ngokujonga iindlela zokuphelisa, kwaye usebenzise ibhulukhwe yosana njengezixhobo zokuqeqesha  ukufezekisa ngokuthe ngcembe injongo yokutshintsha kude namadiapers.

Okwesibini ukungaqondi kakuhle kukungahoyi utshintsho kumbala womchamo. Ngaphandle kwevumba, umbala womchamo usebenza njengesalathisi sempilo. Umchamo oqhelekileyo ucacile okanye utyheli. Amabala amnyama ahlala ebonisa ukungonelanga kwe-hydration, ngelixa imibala engaqhelekanga efana netyheli enzulu, i-orenji, okanye ebomvu ingabonisa ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, imiba yesibindi, okanye ukopha kwendlela yomchamo. Abazali kufuneka bahlakulele umkhwa wokujonga umbala womchamo kwaye balungelelanise ngokukhawuleza ukusela ulwelo okanye bafune unyango ukuba kukho izinto ezingaqhelekanga. Ukongezelela, abanye abazali bakholelwa ngephutha ukuba i-diapers edibeneyo inokwandisa ixesha lokutshintsha. Esi senzo sigcina umzantsi wosana kwindawo efumileyo ixesha elide, siqinisa ivumba lomchamo yaye sandise umngcipheko wokuqhambuka kwe-diaper—nto leyo efunekayo ukuze uphephe.

Abavelisi be-diaper yosana bacebisa iimveliso zokubhanqa kunye neemfuno zokhathalelo olukhethekileyo: - Kubantwana abasandula ukuzalwa: Sebenzisa iidiaper ezikhaphukhaphu ezilungele ukuchama rhoqo, zidityaniswe nezosula ezingenatywala ukunciphisa ukucaphuka kwesikhumba. - Ngexesha lokuqeqeshwa kweembiza: Khetha ibhulukhwe yokutsala ukusetyenziswa ngokuzimeleyo, idibaniswe ne-potty yokuqeqesha ukuseka imikhwa. - Xa uhamba: Phatha izinto zosula eziphathwayo kunye namanabukeni alahlwayo ukwenzela ucoceko kunye lula. Sinikezela ngoluhlu olupheleleyo lwe amanabukeni omntwana, iblukhwe yokutsala, nezosula zabantwana . Abathengi banokudibana nathi malunga neengcebiso zokumataniswa kwemveliso ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zemarike.

Ukuqukumbela

Ngamafutshane, ukuchama komntwana kuhamba kunye nenqanaba ngalinye lokukhula komntwana, kunye neepatheni zebhayisikile, izingqi zokuchama, kunye nevumba elitshintshayo konke okuhambelana nempilo. Njengomvelisi we-diaper yomntwana oyingcali, asizibophelelenga kuphela ekuboneleleni ngeemveliso zononophelo lweentsana ezikumgangatho ophezulu kodwa sizama ukunceda abazali ukuba basombulule imingeni yokhathalelo ngemfundo yesayensi. Ukunikela ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha zokuchama komntwana, kudityaniswe neendlela zokhathalelo olufanelekileyo kunye neediaper zomntwana ezinobungakanani obufanelekileyo, kunokukhusela ukukhula okusempilweni komntwana wakho. Ukuba kukho ukuphazamiseka okuqhubekayo kwi-pee yomntwana, kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibane nodokotela wabantwana ngokukhawuleza kwaye ulungelelanise isicwangciso sokhathalelo olusekelwe kukuxilongwa kwengcali.