Impapuro zo kugurisha byinshi: Nigute ushobora guhitamo muri OEM, ODM & Label Private?

Isoko ryinshi rya B2B ryisoko ryinshi ririmo guhinduka cyane. Fata nk'ubumwe bw'Abarabu nk'urugero: isoko ryaho ryiyongera ku gipimo ngarukamwaka kirenga 15%, mu gihe ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu bihugu nka Chili na Arabiya Sawudite nabyo byiyongera cyane kubera inyungu zishingiye ku mibare ituruka ku rubyiruko.

Kubacuruzi benshi, ibirango, hamwe nabacuruzi bakomeye, gufatanya nu Bushinwa - 'uruganda rwisi ' - ntibikiri amahitamo ahubwo ni icyemezo cyibikorwa. Iyo biva  impapuro nyinshi , ntabwo uhitamo ibicuruzwa gusa; uhitamo icyitegererezo cyubucuruzi.

Impapuro Isoko Ryinshi Isoko hamwe nubwihindurize

Ubucuruzi bw'impuzu ku isi buragenda bwiyongera ku buryo butigeze bubaho. Umubare w’ibicuruzwa ku isoko ry’iburayi wazamutse hejuru ya 45% umwaka ushize, aho Ubufaransa bwashyizeho umuvuduko udasanzwe w’ubwiyongere bwa 125%, mu gihe Espagne n’Ubutaliyani byombi byarenze 50%. Uku kwaguka kurenze amasoko gakondo, aho Amerika y'Epfo itanga umusaruro ushimishije: Arijantine yikubye kabiri ibicuruzwa byayo, naho Chili ikiyongera 70%.

Nkumufatanyabikorwa w’ubucuruzi w’ibihugu n’uturere birenga 150 ku isi, inyungu z’itangwa ry’Ubushinwa zirimo gufungura imbaraga zikomeye ku masoko azamuka. Ibicuruzwa byihuta byabaguzi nkibipapuro, bitewe nuburyo bwo gutanga amasoko menshi, byahindutse ibyiciro byingenzi byiperereza kubaguzi B2B mumahanga.

Imishinga itandukanye yubucuruzi yatumye habaho uburyo butatu bwubufatanye: OEM, ODM, na label yigenga. Buri cyitegererezo gihuza ibyifuzo byisoko bitandukanye ningamba zubucuruzi.

Kubaguzi, gusobanukirwa itandukaniro ryibanze riri hagati yizi ngero zituma isoko rihagaze neza, igiciro no kugenzura ingaruka, hamwe nubucuruzi bwunguka cyane.

Isesengura ryibanze rya Moderi eshatu zingenzi: Ibisobanuro na Scenarios ikoreshwa

1. OEM

Icyitegererezo cyubufatanye bwa OEM, cyangwa 'Gukora ibikoresho byumwimerere, ' bivuga umuguzi utanga ibishushanyo mbonera byuzuye nibisobanuro, hamwe nuwabikoze akora cyane akurikije ibyo asabwa. Iyi moderi ikwiranye ninganda zifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwa R&D nicyerekezo gisobanutse cyibicuruzwa.

Guhitamo OEM bivuze ko ugumana kugenzura byuzuye ibicuruzwa byubwenge nibicuruzwa bidasanzwe. Ariko, bisaba kandi ibiciro byambere byambere, urwego rurerure rwiterambere, hamwe nubunini ntarengwa bwo gutondekanya. Ubusanzwe umushinga wa OEM utezimbere ukwezi kuva kumezi 3 kugeza 6, hamwe numubare muto wateganijwe mubisanzwe bishyirwa mubice 100.000 kubunini.

Fata nk'uruganda rukora Chiaus nk'urugero: hamwe na metero kare 100.000 z'umwanya wubatswe n’uruganda, imirongo 15 yateye imbere, ibikoresho bigezweho, hamwe nitsinda rishinzwe R&D, igera ku mwaka umusaruro wa miriyoni 100.

2. ODM

Icyitegererezo cya ODM (Igishushanyo mbonera cyumwimerere) kirimo abakora ibicuruzwa batanga ibishushanyo mbonera nibisubizo bihari, mugihe abaguzi bahitamo cyane cyane ibicuruzwa (urugero, amabara, gupakira, ibirango). Ubu buryo buhebuje mugihe cyihuse-ku isoko nigiciro gito cyiterambere.

Moderi ya ODM irakwiriye cyane kubitangira, ibicuruzwa bya e-ubucuruzi, hamwe nubucuruzi bushaka kugerageza byihuse ibisubizo byisoko. Igihe cyiterambere kirashobora kugabanywa kugeza kumyumweru, hamwe nibisanzwe byibuze byibuze byateganijwe kuva kuri 100 kugeza 500.

Nyamara, imipaka ya ODM igarukira mubicuruzwa byayo byihariye. Ibishushanyo bisa birashobora kugaragara kumasoko, biganisha kumarushanwa ahuje.

3. Ikirango cyihariye

Icyitegererezo cyihariye cyumuguzi kirimo umuguzi uha uruganda gukora ibicuruzwa, ariko kubicuruza no kubigurisha rwose mubirango byabaguzi. Iyi moderi irashobora gushingira kubufatanye bwa OEM cyangwa ODM.

Gushiraho ikirango cyihariye bisaba ishoramari rikomeye ryikigo, harimo kubaka ibicuruzwa, guteza imbere imiyoboro, no kuzamura ibicuruzwa. Kubucuruzi bushaka kuva mubucuruzi bwuzuye bukajya mubikorwa, ibi byerekana guhitamo igihe kirekire.

Icyitegererezo cyo Gutoranya Icyitegererezo: Uburyo bune-bwo gusuzuma

Uhuye nuburyo butatu bwubufatanye, nigute ushobora guhitamo neza? Isuzuma rifatika mubice bine bikurikira bizaguha inzira isobanutse yo gufata ibyemezo.

• Suzuma ibikenewe mu guhanga udushya n'umutungo w'ubwenge. Niba ibicuruzwa byawe biranga ibishushanyo bidasanzwe, tekinoroji yemewe, cyangwa imirimo yihariye, icyitegererezo cya OEM nicyiza cyo kurinda umutungo wubwenge. Mu murenge wa diaper, ibi birashobora kuba bikubiyemo imiterere yihariye yo kwinjiza ibintu, ibishushanyo mbonera bishya bitamenyekana, cyangwa ibikoresho byihariye byangiza uruhu.

Kurugero, bamwe mubakora inganda babanje guhanga udushya-twambere nka 'kumurongo wibanze ' hamwe na patenti yo gushushanya 'bubble taille '. Niba ufite intego yo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bishingiye kuri tekinoroji, ugomba guhitamo umufatanyabikorwa wa OEM ushoboye gukora neza ibishushanyo byawe.

• Kuringaniza Igihe-Kuri-Isoko no kugenzura ibiciro. Guhura nigihe ntarengwa ningengo yimari ntarengwa? Icyitegererezo cya ODM gishobora kuba amahitamo akwiye. Ukoresheje ibishushanyo mbonera byabashinzwe gukora hamwe numurongo wibyakozwe, urashobora kuzana ibicuruzwa byawe kumasoko kandi ugakoresha amahirwe yisoko.

Fata inganda zimpapuro nkurugero: kwinjiza shingiro, gukama, no guhumeka byabaye amahame yinganda. Ibicuruzwa mubisanzwe byubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho byigihugu nka GB 15979-2002 'Ibipimo byisuku kubicuruzwa by’isuku bikoreshwa ' hamwe n’ibipimo ngenderwaho bya GB / T 28004.1-2021.

Ibicuruzwa bya ODM byateguwe bishingiye kuri aya mahame birashobora kugabanya cyane ibihe byiterambere.

• Gisesengura ibyifuzo byamasoko n'amahirwe yo gutandukanya. Mu turere aho isoko yimyenda yuzuye, gutandukanya ibicuruzwa nurufunguzo rwo guhagarara neza. Moderi ya OEM igushoboza guhitamo ibicuruzwa mumatsinda yihariye yabaguzi, nkurukurikirane rworoshye rwuruhu rworoshye cyangwa urumuri rworoshye, impumyi zihumeka zagenewe ibihe bitandukanye.

Mu masoko agaragara cyangwa yunvikana kubiciro, ibicuruzwa bya ODM bikoresha neza birashobora kugira inyungu nyinshi zo guhatanira. Byibanze, hitamo ibicuruzwa byahujwe nibisabwa n'abaguzi baho hamwe n'imbaraga zo kugura.

• Sobanura ingamba ndende no kugabura umutungo. Kubaka agaciro karambye bisaba gushora imari mubiranga-inzira isaba ubwitange burambye bwumutungo, harimo uburezi bwisoko, iterambere ryibicuruzwa, no guhinga ikizere cyabaguzi.

Ku masosiyete ashaka kuva mubucuruzi akajya mubucuruzi, moderi ya ODM itanga isoko ryihuse ryambere. Iyo kumenyekanisha isoko bihagije hamwe nubutunzi bimaze gukusanywa, kwimukira muri OEM kugirango utezimbere ibicuruzwa byihariye hanyuma amaherezo ugashiraho urusobe rwibidukikije rwihariye birashoboka.

Nigute wahitamo ibipapuro bibereye bitanga isoko？

Nyuma yo kumenya icyitegererezo cyubufatanye, guhitamo neza ibicuruzwa bitanga ibicuruzwa byinshi ni intambwe ikomeye yo gutsinda. Uruganda rwiza ntirutanga gusa ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge ahubwo binaba umufatanyabikorwa wawe wizewe.

• Kugenzura ubushobozi bwibikorwa nubuziranenge. 

Uruganda rukora impuzu rwumwuga rugomba kuba rufite ibikoresho bigezweho kandi sisitemu yo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Kurugero, inganda ziyobora inganda zirashobora kwerekana ibyiciro 300.000 byamahugurwa yumusaruro usukuye, laboratoire yo mu rwego rwo hejuru 10,000 R&D ya laboratwari ya mikorobe, hamwe na 22 yibikoresho bigezweho, bikoreshwa na servo byuzuye ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Ibi bikoresho bituma ibidukikije bigira isuku no guhuza ibicuruzwa. Nkibicuruzwa by isuku bikoreshwa, impapuro zisaba amahame akomeye yisuku. Chiaus yakusanyije ibikoresho bijyanye na bikomeye amahame mpuzamahanga yo gutanga amasoko . Mugihe cyo gutanga amasoko, genzura niba abatanga isoko bubahiriza aya mahame.

• Suzuma R&D n'ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya.

Mumasoko yimpapuro zipiganwa cyane, guhanga udushya ni urufunguzo rwo gukomeza guhatanira amarushanwa. Abatanga isoko nziza bagomba kugira itsinda ryumwuga R&D nubuhanga bushya. Kuva mu 2006, Chiaus yagiye ihuza n'imihindagurikire y'isoko, itezimbere ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa ku isoko - nk'ibipapuro byongewemo ibintu birinda uruhu, ibikoresho fatizo bitangiza ibidukikije, hamwe n'ipantaro nini cyane ya 6XL.

• Suzuma ubworoherane hamwe n'inkunga ya serivisi. 

Ubufatanye bwa B2B akenshi busaba kubaka igihe kirekire. Kuva mu iperereza kugeza gusinya amasezerano, inzinguzingo zisanzwe zishobora kumara amezi menshi, zirimo inzira nko kwemeza icyitegererezo hamwe nigihe cyo kwishyura. Bimaze gushingwa, amategeko nkaya agaragaza ubudahwema no gushikama. Shakisha abatanga isoko bafite ubushake bwo gutanga amagambo yubufatanye ahuza nibikorwa byawe biteza imbere ubucuruzi. Ibi birashobora kubamo gutanga ibicuruzwa bito byikigereranyo, gufasha ibyemezo byubahiriza ibicuruzwa, cyangwa gushyigikira ibikorwa byo kwamamaza.

Gufatanya gucunga ibyago hamwe nibikorwa byiza

Hatitawe ku cyitegererezo cy'ubufatanye cyatoranijwe, gucunga ibyago bikomeje kuba ingenzi kugirango habeho intsinzi y'igihe kirekire. Hano haribisobanuro bifatika byo kurinda inyungu zawe mugutanga amasoko menshi.

Sobanura neza kandi urinde umutungo wubwenge.

Mu masezerano y’ubufatanye, ni ngombwa gusobanura neza nyir'ibishushanyo, patenti tekinike, n'uburenganzira bw'ikirango.

Kubufatanye bwa OEM, menya neza amasezerano leta yerekana neza umutungo wubwenge kubishushanyo mbonera utanga. Kubufatanye bwa ODM, sobanukirwa uburenganzira bwo gukoresha ningingo zidasanzwe zijyanye nigishushanyo mbonera gisanzwe. Tekereza kugisha inama avoka wumutungo wubwenge, kwandikisha ibimenyetso byingenzi, no gushyira umukono kumasezerano akomeye yo kutamenyekanisha.

Kugenzura ubuziranenge no kugenzura iyubahirizwa. 

Nkuko impuzu zita kuburuhu rwuruhinja rworoshye, ubwiza bwibicuruzwa n'umutekano ntibishobora kuganirwaho. Kurenga kugenzura ibyemezo byabatanga ibicuruzwa, saba ibicuruzwa byerekana ibizamini bikomeye.

Ibi birimo shingiro 'reba, impumuro, gukoraho, no kugenzura ': kugenzura ibara ryibicuruzwa kubisanzwe, impumuro yumunuko udasanzwe, gukoraho kubworoshye utabanje kumeneka, no kugenzura uburinganire bwuzuye.

Icyarimwe, menya neza ko ibicuruzwa byubahiriza amabwiriza agenga isoko, bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ibipimo bitandukanye byumutekano, ibisabwa kuranga, hamwe ninshingano zidukikije.

Gutanga Isuzuma Rihagaze. 

Nkumuguzi wihuta cyane, ibicuruzwa bitangwa neza bigira ingaruka kumasoko no kunyurwa kwabakiriya. Suzuma ibicuruzwa bitanga isoko, ibikoresho byububiko, hamwe na sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza ibikoresho.

Menya niba bafite gahunda ziteganijwe kubintu bitunguranye (urugero, kubura ibikoresho fatizo, guhagarika umusaruro, cyangwa gutinda kwa logistique). Abatanga igihe kirekire mubisanzwe batanga ibintu bihamye kandi byihutirwa byateganijwe.

Gushiraho uburyo bwitumanaho buboneye kandi bunoze. 

Itandukaniro ryumuco nimbogamizi zururimi nibibazo bisanzwe mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Kora imiyoboro itumanaho isobanutse hamwe na sisitemu yo kuvugurura buri gihe kugirango tumenye ubwumvikane bwibicuruzwa, iterambere ryumusaruro, hamwe nubuziranenge.

Incamake

Guhitamo icyitegererezo cyubufatanye ni uguhitamo ADN yiterambere ryikigo cyawe. Ibyemezo ufata uyumunsi hamwe nabatanga ibicuruzwa byinshi birahindura bucece imiterere yisoko ryababyeyi nabana bato. Kubindi bisobanuro, nyamuneka hamagara itsinda ryabacuruzi ba Chiaus!