Monga opanga zinthu za ana, timamvetsetsa kuti kusankha nthawi yosinthira ana kuchokera ku matewera ndizovuta kwambiri kwa kholo lililonse, makamaka m'madera osiyanasiyana azikhalidwe monga ku Europe.
Monga kholo, kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti ndi zaka ziti zomwe ana a ku Ulaya amachoka pa matewera? Funso looneka ngati losavuta limeneli likukhudza zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo kakulidwe ka ana, miyambo, ndi nzeru za makolo.
M'dziko lamakono lapadziko lonse lapansi, kumvetsetsa njira zolerera ana m'madera osiyanasiyana sikumangokulitsa malingaliro athu komanso kumatithandiza kusankha njira yoyenera yophunzirira ana athu. Nkhaniyi itenga inu mozama mu nthawi ya Kugwiritsa ntchito matewera ku Europe komanso zikhalidwe zomwe zimatsatira.
Malingaliro a Makolo aku Europe: Zowona Zokhudza Nyengo Zogwiritsa Ntchito Matewera ku Europe
M'mayiko a ku Ulaya, nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito matewera ndi yaitali kwambiri poyerekeza ndi madera ena. Malinga ndi zomwe akatswiri olerera anawona komanso kafukufuku wambiri, ana a ku Europe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito matewera mpaka zaka zitatu, ndipo ena amapitilira nthawi yayitali. Mchitidwe umenewu umachokera ku kulemekeza kwa makolo a ku Ulaya kaamba ka ufulu wodzilamulira wa ana pa maphunziro a kuchimbudzi—amakhulupirira kuti ana mwachibadwa adzasintha pamene ali okonzeka mwakuthupi ndi m’maganizo.
Mosiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika m'madera ena othamangira kukamaliza maphunziro a poto asanakwanitse zaka ziwiri, makolo a ku Ulaya amakonda njira 'yochotsa manja', yomwe imalola ana kukula pawokha. Filosofi yolerera imeneyi imanena kuti kuphunzitsa mwana msanga msanga kungasokoneze kukula kwa thupi ndi maganizo a mwana.
Msika waku Europe umapereka chithandizo chokwanira panjira iyi, yokhala ndi matewera aku Europe ambiri kuyambira makanda mpaka ana azaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Izi zikuphatikizapo matewera otayira komanso matewera apadera osambira.
Momwe Mungadziwire Ngati Mwana Wanu Wakonzeka Kutsanzikana ndi Matewera aku Europe?
Mwana aliyense amatsatira nthawi yake yachitukuko, koma zizindikiro zina zazikulu zimasonyeza kuti akhoza kukhala okonzeka kuyamba maphunziro a potty:
Mwanayo akhoza kukhala wowuma mu thewera kwa nthawi yaitali, mpaka maola 3-6 panthawi, kusonyeza ntchito yabwino ya chikhodzodzo ndi kulamulira;
Mwanayo mosavuta kukoka mathalauza mmwamba ndi pansi paokha;
Mwanayo amayamba kuzindikira kuti akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito bafa ndipo akhoza kufotokoza izi kudzera m'mawonekedwe a nkhope, mawu, kapena zochita;
Mwanayo amasonyeza chidwi ndi zimbudzi za anthu akuluakulu ndipo angatsanzire makolo pogwiritsa ntchito bafa;
Mwanayo akhoza kumvetsa ndi kutsatira malangizo osavuta, monga 'Pita ukatenge teddy bear';
Zizindikiro zimenezi zikaonekera, makolo angayambe pang’onopang’ono kutsogolera mwana wawo kuti asamuke pa matewera a ku Ulaya. Komabe, ndikofunikira kukhala oleza mtima komanso osayembekezera kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino usiku wonse.
Kusiyana kwa Chikhalidwe ndi Makhalidwe Achigawo mu Maphunziro a Chimbudzi ku Europe
Kaleredwe ka makolo amasiyananso mobisa kumayiko onse aku Europe. Mayiko a ku Nordic nthawi zambiri amatsindika za kudziyimira pawokha kwa ana, kuwalola kusankha nthawi yoti asinthe matewera; Mayiko akumwera kwa Europe atha kupereka chitsogozo chokhazikika pakadutsa zaka zingapo.
Kusiyana kwachikhalidwe kumeneku kumawonekera m'malo aboma ku Europe konse - komwe ngakhale zimbudzi zofunika kwambiri pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi zimaphatikizapo zimbudzi zofikirako komanso malo osinthira ana. Kukonzekera kotereku kumathandizira kupitilizabe kugwiritsa ntchito matewera kwa makolo, kuchepetsa kukakamizidwa kwa maphunziro a potty oyambirira.
Maupangiri ovomerezeka pamaphunziro a poto, monga omwe amaperekedwa ndi Bungwe la UK National Health Service (NHS), likugogomezera kutsatira mayendedwe a mwanayo ndikupewa kukakamiza. Mfundozi zikugwirizana ndi mfundo za ku Ulaya zokhuza kulera mwana aliyense payekhapayekha.
Kumvetsetsa Nthawi Yoyenera Yophunzitsira Potty
Kuchita bwino kwa maphunziro a potty kumadalira kukonzekera kwa thupi ndi maganizo a mwana. Mabungwe olamulira amavomereza kuti nthawi yoyenera kwambiri yoyambira maphunziro ndi yapakati pa miyezi 18 ndi 30 yakubadwa. Izi ndichifukwa:
Mwana amatha kulamulira chikhodzodzo pakapita miyezi 18, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thewera likhale louma kwa maola 1-2.
Pofika zaka 2, ana ena amatha kuletsa kukodza masana, pamene ambiri amakwanitsa zaka zitatu.
Kutopetsa usiku kungakhale kwa nthawi yaitali—pafupifupi mwana mmodzi mwa ana asanu alionse angakhalebe ndi vuto la apo ndi apo akatha zaka 5, zomwe nthaŵi zambiri zimakhala zachibadwa.
Choncho, m'malo mongoganizira za msinkhu winawake, samalani ndi 'zizindikiro' za mwana wanu monga:
Kutha kufotokozera kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito bafa ndi mawu kapena zochita.
Kusamva bwino chifukwa chonyowa thewera kapena kuwonetsa chidwi kuzimbudzi za akulu.
Kukhala wokhoza kumvetsetsa ndi kutsatira malangizo osavuta.
Pewani misampha ya 'maphunziro amphika amtundu watsopano'
Mosiyana ndi mfundo ya kulemekeza liŵiro la mwana, mchitidwe wotchedwa 'kalembedwe katsopano ka poto' umafuna kusamala. Izi zingawonekere monga: kukakamiza mwanayo kukhala pamphika pa nthawi zoikika mpaka 'atamaliza ntchitoyo,' kapena kuwapatsa ziphuphu ndi zoseweretsa kapena zokhwasula-khwasula kuti athetse.
Kwenikweni, njira imeneyi si yosiyana ndi kuphunzitsidwa kwa mphika wamba—zonsezi zimaphatikizapo kuchitapo kanthu kochita kupanga komwe kumasokoneza mphamvu yachilengedwe yochotsa mwanayo. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali kumatha kukulitsa chiwopsezo cha ming'alu kumatako, kusungidwa kwa chimbudzi, ndi kudzimbidwa, kapenanso kuyambitsa mantha ndi kukana chimbudzi, pamapeto pake kumatalikitsa maphunzirowo.
European Parenting Philosophy: Nzeru za Ulemu ndi Kuleza Mtima
Kuleza mtima kwa makolo a ku Ulaya pophunzitsa poto kumachokera ku mfundo zakuya za makolo.
Kulemekeza Mayendedwe Payekha :
Malangizo a maphunziro a dziko la Italy amaika patsogolo 'kulemekeza malamulo a chilengedwe ndi kakulidwe ka mwana.' Lingaliro limeneli limafikira ku maphunziro a poto, kumene makolo amakhulupirira kuti ana adzasintha mwachibadwa pamene ali okonzeka mwakuthupi ndi m'maganizo.
Kugogomezera Autonomy :
Makolo a Azungu amaona ana ngati anthu odziimira okha, ndipo amawalimbikitsa kusankha zochita mogwirizana ndi zofuna zawo. M'maphunziro a potty, izi zimawoneka ngati kulola ana kufufuza, kuyesa, komanso ngakhale kulephera, m'malo mongovomereza zokonzekera.
Kuyang'ana pa Holistic Development :
Kulera ana ku Ulaya kumaika patsogolo chitukuko chonse cha ana. Maphunziro a potty amawonedwa ngati gawo lofunika kwambiri kuti munthu adziyimire paokha, kufunikira kwake kumapitilira kupitilira luso limodzi.
Mmene Mungatsogolere Ana Mwachibadwa
Ngakhale kulemekeza mwana, makolo akhoza kutenga udindo wa otsogolera achangu:
Pangani chilengedwe :
Ikani poto wokongola pamalo odziwika bwino, ofikirika mosavuta, kuwalola kuti avomereze poyamba ngati 'chidole' chosangalatsa.
Model ndi Kulumikizana :
Gwiritsani ntchito mabuku a zithunzi pofotokoza, kapena aloleni ana awone achibale awo akugwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi, kuwathandiza kumvetsetsa cholinga cha poto.
Kuleza Mtima ndi Chilimbikitso :
Ayamikireni mwamsanga pamene agwiritsa ntchito bwino potty. Ngozi zikachitika, khalani chete ndipo pewani kudzudzulidwa.
Mwachidule, kuphunzitsa potty si mpikisano pakati pa makolo ndi ana. Monga momwe zimachirikidwira ndi nzeru za kulera ana ku Ulaya, kusiya nkhaŵa, kukhulupirira ndondomeko ya kakulidwe kobadwa nako kwa mwana wanu, ndi kutsagana nawo moleza mtima ndi chilimbikitso kudzatsimikizira kuti siteji yachibadwa imeneyi ya kukula imadzazidwa ndi chikondi ndi chithandizo.
Njira Zothandiza: Dongosolo Lakusintha Losavuta Losiya Kuyamwitsa Matewera aku Europe
Mwana wanu akawonetsa zizindikiro zokonzekera, njirazi zingathandize kuthandizira kusintha kosavuta:
Yambani ndi Maphunziro a Masana: Pambuyo pa miyezi 18, yambani kuchotsa matewera masana ndi kuphunzitsa mwana wanu kugwiritsa ntchito poto kapena chimbudzi pokodza, pamene mukupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito matewera a ku Ulaya usiku. Pamene chikhodzodzo chikuyenda bwino, pang'onopang'ono muchotse matewera usiku.
Khazikitsani Zizoloŵezi: Phatikizanipo maulendo a mphika m'zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku-mutsogolere mwana wanu kugwiritsa ntchito potty atadzuka, asanadye, komanso asanagone.
Kulimbikitsa Kwabwino: Gwiritsani ntchito ma chart amalipiro, matamando, ndi chilimbikitso kuti mulimbikitse zokumana nazo zopambana. Pewani chilango kapena kudzudzulidwa chifukwa cha ngozi.
Zida Zoyenera: Konzani miphika yaing'ono kapena zosinthira mipando yachimbudzi, pamodzi ndi zovala zosavuta kuzichotsa, kuti mupange mikhalidwe yakuthupi yothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino poto.
Khalani oleza mtima ndi zolepheretsa: Kubwerera m'mbuyo pa maphunziro a potty ndikwachilendo, makamaka panthawi ya kusintha kwa moyo (monga kusuntha, abale atsopano) kapena nthawi zovuta.
Pankhani ya kuthetsa usiku, makolo aku Europe nthawi zambiri amapewa kuthamangitsa ntchitoyi. Ndipotu, kukodzera pabedi kumakhala kofala kwambiri pakati pa ana azaka 5-7. Akatswiri ambiri amalangiza kuti apitirize kugwiritsa ntchito matewera a ku Ulaya usiku mpaka mwanayo atadzuka ndi thewera wouma kwa m'mawa wotsatira.
Lemekezani kusiyana ndikudikirira moleza mtima: Mwana aliyense ali ndi liwiro lake.
Kuphunzitsa kuchimbudzi ndi gawo limodzi chabe la kukula kwa mwana—osati mpikisano. Kaleredwe ka makolo ku Ulaya amatikumbutsa kuti kulemekeza kakulidwe ka mwana aliyense kaŵirikaŵiri kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zotulukapo zabwino kwa nthaŵi yaitali.
Monga momwe makolo a ku Ulaya amachitira, kuyang'ana pa zosowa zapadera za kakulidwe ndi khalidwe la mwana wanu-m'malo mongoganizira za msinkhu wa kalendala-kumawathandiza kukwaniritsa cholinga chofunika kwambiri m'njira yabwino kwambiri.
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za kusankha matewera oyenerera zaka zaku Europe kapena mukufuna upangiri wowonjezera wamaphunziro a poto, pitani kwathu tsamba lovomerezeka lazantchito zowonjezera. Ndife odzipereka kupereka chithandizo chogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku, chothandiza pakulera kwa makolo padziko lonse lapansi.
