Njengomkhiqizi wemikhiqizo yezingane, siyaqonda ukuthi ukunquma ukuthi izingane zikhishwa nini kumanabukeni kuyinto evamile yawo wonke umzali, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezihlukene ngokwamasiko njenge-Europe.
Njengomzali, wake wazibuza ukuthi izingane zase-Europe zineminyaka emingaki ziphuma kumanabukeni? Lo mbuzo obonakala ulula uhlanganisa izici eziningi ezihlanganisa ukukhula kwengane, imikhuba yamasiko, namafilosofi okukhulisa izingane.
Ezweni lanamuhla elixubene nembulunga yonke, ukuqonda izinqubo zokukhulisa izingane ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene akugcini nje ngokunwebeka kodwa futhi kusisiza ukuba sikhethe kangcono indlela yokuthuthukisa izingane zethu. Lesi sihloko sizokuthatha ujule phakathi nesikhathi Ukusetshenziswa kwe-diaper yaseYurophu kanye nezici zamasiko ngemuva kwayo.
I-European Parenting Perspectives: Iqiniso Mayelana Neminyaka Yokusetshenziswa Kwenabukeni YaseYurophu
Emazweni aseYurophu, isikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwe-diaper side kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izifunda. Ngokubona kochwepheshe bokukhulisa izingane kanye nezifundo eziningi, izingane zaseYurophu ngokuvamile zisebenzisa amanabukeni kuze kube yilapho zifinyelela eminyakeni emi-3, kanti ezinye ziqhubeka isikhathi eside nakakhulu. Lo mkhuba usukela ekuhlonipheni kwabazali baseYurophu ukuzimela kwezingane ekuqeqesheni indlu yangasese—bakholelwa ukuthi izingane zizoshintsha ngokwemvelo uma sezikulungele ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.
Ngokungafani nomkhuba kwezinye izifunda zokujaha ukuqedela ukuqeqeshwa ebhodweni ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-2, abazali base-Europe bathanda indlela 'yokuvala izandla', evumela izingane ukuthi zikhule ngejubane lazo. Le filosofi yokukhulisa izingane ithi ukuqeqeshwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngebhodwe kungase kube nomthelela omubi ekukhuleni kwengane ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.
Imakethe yaseYurophu inikeza ukwesekwa komkhiqizo okuphelele kwale ndlela, ehlanganisa uhla oluphelele lwamanabukeni aseYurophu kusukela ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa kuye kwabancane abaneminyaka emithathu noma emine. Lokhu kufaka amanabukeni ajwayelekile alahlwayo kanye namanabukeni okubhukuda akhethekile.
Ungasho Kanjani Uma Ingane Yakho Isilungele Ukuvalelisa KumaNabukeni AseYurophu?
Yonke ingane ilandela umugqa wesikhathi wayo wokuthuthuka, kodwa izimpawu ezithile ezibalulekile zivame ukubonisa ukuthi zingase zilungele ukuqala ukuqeqeshwa ngamanzi:
Ingane ingahlala yomile ku-diaper yayo isikhathi eside, kuze kufike emahoreni angu-3-6 ngesikhathi, ibonise ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kwesinye kanye nokulawula;
Ingane ingakwazi ukudonsa kalula ibhulukwe phezulu naphansi ngokuzimela;
Ingane iqala ukubona umuzwa wokufuna ukusebenzisa indlu yangasese futhi ingakuveza lokhu ngesimo sobuso, amagama, noma izenzo;
Ingane ibonisa isithakazelo ezindlini zangasese zabantu abadala futhi ingase ilingise abazali isebenzisa indlu yangasese;
Ingane ingaqonda futhi ilandele iziqondiso ezilula, njengokuthi 'Hamba uyolanda ibhere lakho';
Lapho lezi zimpawu zivela, abazali bangaqala kancane kancane ukuqondisa ingane yabo ekuguqukeni kude namanabukeni aseYurophu. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlala unesineke futhi ungalindeli impumelelo ngobusuku obubodwa.
Umehluko Wamasiko kanye Nezimpawu Zesifunda Ekuqeqesheni Kwamathoyilethi AseYurophu
Izinqubo zokukhulisa izingane nazo ziyahlukahluka ngokucashile kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu. Izizwe zaseNordic ngokuvamile zigcizelela ukuzimela kwezingane, zivame ukuzivumela ukuthi zinqume ukuthi ziwasusa nini amanabukeni ngokugcwele; amazwe aseningizimu ye-Europe angase anikeze isiqondiso esisebenzayo ngemva kweminyaka ethile yobudala.
Lo mehluko wamasiko ubonakala ezikhungweni zomphakathi kulo lonke elaseYurophu—lapho ngisho nezindlu zangasese eziyisisekelo cishe cishe zibandakanya izindlu zangasese ezifinyeleleka kalula kanye neziteshi zokushintsha izingane. Ingqalasizinda enjalo ebanzi isiza ukuqhubeka nokusetshenziswa kwe-diaper kubazali, kunciphisa ingcindezi yokuqeqeshwa kwamabhodwe kusenesikhathi.
Imihlahlandlela egunyaziwe ekuqeqesheni amabhodwe, njengaleyo ehlinzekwe ngu iNational Health Service (NHS) yase-UK , igcizelela ukulandela ijubane lengane nokugwema ukuphoqelelwa. Le mihlahlandlela ihambisana nefilosofi ebanzi yaseYurophu yokuba umzali yokuhlonipha isigqi sokukhula somntwana ngamunye.
Ukuqonda Isikhathi Esifanelekile Sokuqeqeshwa Kwamabhodwe
Impumelelo yokuqeqeshwa ngamabhodwe incike ekulungeni komntwana ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Imizimba egunyaziwe ivamise ukuvuma ukuthi isikhathi esifaneleka kakhulu sokuqala ukuqeqeshwa siphakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-18 nezingama-30 ubudala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi:
Ukulawula isinye kwengane kancane kancane kwenzeka ezinyangeni eziyi-18, okuyenza ikwazi ukugcina inabukeni layo lomile okungenani amahora angu-1-2.
Ngeminyaka engu-2, ezinye izingane zingakwazi ukulawula ukuchama kwasemini, kuyilapho iningi lizuza amakhono ayisisekelo phakathi neminyaka emi-3.
Ukuchamela ebusuku kungase kuqhubeke isikhathi eside—cishe ingane eyodwa kweziyi-5 ingase ibe neziqephu ngezikhathi ezithile ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, okuyinto evamile.
Ngakho-ke, kunokuba ulungise iminyaka ethile, qaphela ngokucophelela 'izimpawu zokulungela' zengane yakho njengalezi:
Ukukwazi ukuxhumana nesidingo sokusebenzisa indlu yokugezela ngomlomo noma ngezenzo.
Ukuzwa ukungakhululeki ngenabukeni elimanzi noma ukukhombisa intshisekelo ezindlini zangasese zabantu abadala.
Ukwazi ukuqonda nokulandela imiyalelo elula.
Gwema izingibe 'zokuqeqeshwa kwebhodwe lesitayela esisha'
Ngokuphambene nomgomo wokuhlonipha ijubane lengane, umkhuba owaziwa ngokuthi 'ukuqeqeshwa kwebhodwe lesitayela esisha' udinga ukuqapha. Lokhu kungase kubonakale njengokuthi: ukuphoqa ingane ukuthi ihlale ebhodweni ngezikhathi ezimisiwe ize 'iqedele umsebenzi,' noma imfumbathise ngamathoyizi noma ukudla okulula ukuze ihoxiswe.
Ngokuyinhloko, le ndlela yokufundisa ayihlukile ekuqeqesheni amabhodwe okuvamile—kokubili kuhilela ukungenelela okuzenzela okuphazamisa ingqondo yemvelo yokuqeda ingane. Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kungase kwandise ingozi yokuqhekeka kwendunu, ukugcinwa kwendle, nokuqunjelwa, noma kubangele ukwesaba nokumelana nokuya endlini yangasese, ekugcineni kwandise inqubo yokuqeqesha.
I-European Parenting Philosophy: Ukuhlakanipha Kwenhlonipho Nokubekezela
Ukubekezela abazali baseYurophu abakubonisayo ekuqeqesheni amabhodwe kusekelwe ezimisweni ezijulile zokukhulisa izingane.
Ukuhlonipha Ijubane Lomuntu Ngamunye :
Iziqondiso zekharikhulamu kazwelonke yase-Italy zibeka phambili 'ukuhlonipha imithetho yemvelo nesigqi sokukhula kwengane.' Le filosofi idlulela ekuqeqesheni amabhodwe, lapho abazali bethemba ukuthi izingane zizoshintsha ngokwemvelo uma sezilungele ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo.
Ukugcizelela Ukuzimela :
Abazali baseNtshonalanga babheka izingane njengabantu abazimele, bezikhuthaza ukuba zenze izinqumo ezisekelwe entandweni yazo. Ekuqeqesheni amabhodwe, lokhu kubonakala njengokuvumela izingane ukuba zihlole, zihlole, futhi zize zithole ukwehluleka, kunokuba zamukele amalungiselelo ngokunganaki.
Ukugxila Ekuthuthukisweni Okuphelele :
Izinqubo zokukhulisa izingane zaseYurophu zibeka phambili ukukhula kwezingane kukonke. Ukuqeqeshelwa izimbiza kubonakala njengengqopha-mlando eya ekuzimele, ukubaluleka kwakho kudlulela ngalé kokwazi ikhono elilodwa.
Indlela Yokuqondisa Izingane Ngokwemvelo
Ngenkathi behlonipha ingane, abazali bangathatha indima yabaqondisi abasebenzayo:
Dala Imvelo :
Beka ibhodwe elihle endaweni ejwayelekile, efinyeleleka kalula, okubavumela ukuthi baqale balamukele 'njengethoyizi'.
Imodeli kanye Nokuxhumana :
Sebenzisa izincwadi zezithombe ukuchaza, noma uvumele izingane zibuke amalungu omndeni esebenzisa indlu yangasese, uzisize ziqonde inhloso yebhodwe.
Ukubekezela Nokukhuthaza :
Bancome ngokushesha lapho besebenzisa ibhodwe ngempumelelo. Uma kwenzeka izingozi, hlala uzolile futhi ugweme ukugxekwa.
Ngamafuphi, ukuqeqeshwa ngamabhodwe akuwona umjaho phakathi kwabazali nezingane. Njengoba kugqugquzelwa amafilosofi okukhulisa izingane aseYurophu, ukuyeka ukukhathazeka, ukwethemba umugqa wesikhathi ozalwa nawo wokukhula, nokuwuphelezela ngesineke nesikhuthazo kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi lesi sigaba sokukhula esingokwemvelo sigcwele imfudumalo nokusekelwa.
Amasu Asebenzayo: Uhlelo Lwenguquko Olushelelayo Lokukhipha Amanabukeni AseYurophu
Uma ingane yakho ibonisa izimpawu zokulungela, lawa maqhinga angasiza ukuhambisa inguquko ebushelelezi:
Qala Ngokuqeqeshwa Kwasemini: Ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-18, qala ukukhipha amanabukeni phakathi nosuku futhi uqeqeshe ingane yakho ukusebenzisa ibhodwe noma indlu yangasese ukuze ichame, kuyilapho uqhubeka nokusebenzisa amanabukeni aseYurophu ebusuku. Njengoba ukulawula isinye kuba ngcono, kancane kancane qeda amanabukeni asebusuku.
Misa Imizila: Hlanganisa nokuvakasha kwembiza ezindleleni zansuku zonke—qondisa ingane yakho ukuthi isebenzise ibhodwe ngemva kokuvuka, ngaphambi kokudla, nangaphambi kokulala.
Ukuqiniswa Okuhle: Sebenzisa amashadi omvuzo, indumiso, nesikhuthazo ukuze uqinise okuhlangenwe nakho okuphumelelayo kwe-potty. Gwema isijeziso noma ukugxekwa ngezingozi.
Izinto Ezisetshenziswayo Ezifanelekile: Lungiselela amabhodwe anosayizi wengane noma ama-adaptha ezihlalo zasendlini yangasese, kanye nezingubo zokugqoka okulula ukuzisusa, ukuze udale izimo ezingokomzimba ezivumela ukusetshenziswa kwebhodwe ngempumelelo.
Yiba nesineke ngezithiyo: Ukuhlehla ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kwebhodwe kuvamile, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinguquko zokuphila (njengokuthutha, izingane zakini ezintsha) noma izikhathi ezicindezelayo.
Mayelana nokuqedwa ebusuku, abazali baseYurophu ngokuvamile bayakugwema ukusheshisa inqubo. Eqinisweni, ukuchama embhedeni kuvame kakhulu phakathi kwezingane ezineminyaka engu-5-7 ubudala. Ochwepheshe abaningi batusa ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa ama-diaper aseYurophu ebusuku kuze kube yilapho ingane ivuka njalo nge-diaper eyomile ekuseni eminingana elandelanayo.
Hlonipha umehluko futhi ulinde ngesineke: Yonke ingane inejubane layo.
Ukuqeqeshelwa izindlu zangasese kuyisigaba esisodwa sokukhula kwengane—hhayi umjaho. Izinqubo zokukhulisa izingane zaseYurophu zisikhumbuza ukuthi ukuhlonipha isigqi sokukhula somntwana ngamunye ngokuvamile kuholela emiphumeleni eshelelayo, emihle yesikhathi eside.
Njengoba kwenziwa abazali baseYurophu, ukugxila ezidingweni zokukhula eziyingqayizivele zengane yakho kanye nezimpawu zokuziphatha—kunokuba ulungise ingqopha-mlando yeminyaka yobudala esekelwe ekhalendeni—kuzisiza ukuba zifinyelele lesi senzakalo esibalulekile ngendlela enethezeke kakhulu.
Uma ungathanda ukufunda kabanzi mayelana nokukhetha ama-diaper aseYurophu afanele iminyaka yobudala noma udinga ukuqondiswa okwengeziwe kokuqeqeshwa kwebhodwe, vakashela iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ukuthola izinsiza ezengeziwe zobuchwepheshe. Sizibophezele ekunikezeni ukusekelwa okusekelwe ocwaningweni, okungokoqobo kokukhulisa abazali kubazali emhlabeni wonke.
